Muscle tissue biopsies are used in the context of metabolic conditions to diagnose disorders of glycogen, glucose, and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and others such as adenylate deaminase deficiency.

Adipose tissue samples allow the study of the impact of diet on adipose tissue metabolism and inflammatory response. They also allow for the analysis of gene expression profiles in response to obesity.

Liver tissue biopsy allows for the assessment of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis to determine staging of disease. It should be noted that for the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) indication, liver biopsies represent the required regulatory endpoint.