Biomarkers are used to assess pathway-specific metabolites, such as those that represent disease activity. For example, lipidomic markers can indicate stages of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).

Biomarkers, such as TGF-β1, CRP and others, are used to assess inflammatory activity levels, which may indicate disease activity or risk of progression.

Biomarkers are used to capture tissue-specific markers of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis. Some examples are the ELF panel, FIB-4, and various collagen precursors, such as PRO-C3.

Genomic biomarkers, such as PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, are increasingly used to enrich clinical study populations for genotypes associated with certain disease phenotypes.